Summary: The type and level of chemical soil pollution on the territories of Georgian military proving grounds were investigated. The pollution of local sites of the proving grounds with lead, TNT and waste mineral oil was revealed. Endemic and introduced plants capable of lead accumulation were selected, factors facilitating this process were revealed. Plants actively assimilating TNT were selected. Reductive and oxidative enzymes involved in TNT degradation were studied. A correlation between nitroreductase activity and TNT-assimilative ability of plants was established. Strains of microorganisms – destructors of TNT and mineral oil hydrocarbons were selected. Optimal cultivation conditions for microbial strains with high detoxification abilities were selected.